Ethereum's L2 Security and Finalization Roadmap Outlined by Vitalik Buterin

According to Foresight News, Ethereum founder Vitalik Buterin has published a detailed article titled "A Simple L2 Security and Finalization Roadmap," outlining three key directions for optimizing Ethereum's Layer 2 (L2) security and finalization. The first focus is on expanding data capacity. The Pectra upgrade will increase Blob space to six units, with plans to extend it to 72 units by the end of the year through the Fusaka upgrade, or incrementally to 12-24 units. This expansion aims to meet the transaction throughput demands of L2. Secondly, a hybrid proof system is proposed to achieve rapid finalization. This system employs a 2/3 multi-signature mechanism, combining optimistic proofs, zero-knowledge (ZK) proofs, and trusted execution environment (TEE) hardware proofs. Immediate finalization occurs when both ZK and TEE validations are successful; otherwise, a seven-day optimistic challenge period is required. The security committee can urgently upgrade proof logic, subject to a 30-day delay, balancing immediate finalization with attack resistance. Lastly, the roadmap suggests building a unified ZK proof aggregation layer. This involves standardizing a proof aggregation protocol across the ecosystem, allowing multiple applications to share the cost of a single proof, such as 500,000 Gas. This approach significantly reduces ZK verification expenses and promotes the adoption of L2 and privacy protocols. The roadmap's goal is to achieve cross-chain bridging within one hour using a short-term hybrid verification mechanism, while reducing costs. In the long term, the aim is to gradually eliminate reliance on TEE, ultimately establishing an efficient, secure, and trustless L2 ecosystem.