Value accumulates more towards applications: As the importance of chains decreases, thousands of application chains (appchains) or L2 networks will emerge, which redistribute revenue to applications through governance or protocol design. We are entering an era where applications fight for their due benefits. If applications do not get the rewards they deserve, they will leave and turn to their own chains or other base layers that provide revenue sharing. This will prompt the emergence of more dedicated or purpose-specific L2 networks that can provide better distribution for applications, and there will also be some specific application chains that hope to vertically integrate their technology stacks.
Less tribalism between Rollups: The user experience will change from switching between chains to "using cryptocurrency" as a whole, no longer limited to a specific chain. While there will still be competition from Optimism vs. Arbitrum, ZK Sync vs. Scroll, etc., I think the Rollup ecosystem will see less competition at the chain level, with the community focusing more on expanding the overall market rather than competing for a limited number of users.
Rollup revenue will decrease: This is partly due to the increase in the number of Rollups, the market's increased demand for a share of sequencer revenue, and applications gradually starting their own chains (which in the past might have chosen L2 operators).
Ethereum-based Rollups will gain more attention: The technical community, VCs, and Ethereum supporters will increasingly support this type of Rollup, which they see as the key to resolving the "L2 is parasitic on L1" debate. Application chains based on the same preprocessing service or market can achieve synchronous composability with each other and Ethereum L1. There is still a lot of room for development in this area.
The rise of the new generation of virtual machine Rollup: These emerging altVM/next generation virtual machine Rollup (such as SVM, MoveVM, FuelVM, LinuxVM, ZKVM, etc.) will have the highest TPS (transactions per second) and Gas per second performance, and they will surpass any high EVM Rollup without parallelization. These virtual machines will gradually become popular and become the preferred home for some very outstanding applications.
The highlight of zero-knowledge (ZK) technology: Although Optimistic Rollups currently dominate people's attention and use (TVL, etc.), the performance of zero-knowledge Rollup is improving rapidly and cannot be ignored. It is expected that more ZKRollups will be launched, and their cost and speed will increase rapidly.
For Ethereum and the modular ecosystem, the future is very worth looking forward to.