作者：Helen Partz，CoinTelegraph；编译：五铢，金色财经
比特币是市值最大的加密货币，12 年前经历了首次减半事件，将区块奖励从 50 BTC 减少到 25 BTC。
从那时起，比特币区块奖励——加密矿工验证比特币交易和保护网络的激励——在经历了三次减半后已缩减至 3.125 BTC，极大地限制了新开采的 BTC 进入市场的供应。
比特币12周年减半之际，比特币的交易价格接近11月22日创下的99,600美元左右的历史高点，部分原因是比特币4月份的第四次减半事件。
比特币减半日期和区块奖励。来源：BitDegree
在社区庆祝首次比特币减半周年之际，本文重新审视了 BTC 的一些关键历史里程碑和挖矿生态系统的变化。
截至 11 月 27 日，BTC 流通量为 1980 万枚，尚有 120 万枚待开采，直至达到 2100 万枚的限量供应。
比特币的供应上限为 2100 万，这是比特币网络的基本原则之一，旨在提供资产稀缺性。
流通的比特币总量。资料来源：Blockchain.com
虽然120万BTC的数量相对于已经开采的比特币数量来说是很小的，但由于奖励的减少和挖矿难度的增加，剩余BTC的挖矿过程将需要矿工花费更多的时间和精力。
根据MinerStat的数据，比特币挖矿难度率目前为102.3万亿，在11月5日首次突破100万亿大关。下一次比特币难度调整预计将在12月2日进行。
尽管比特币挖矿难度较高和区块奖励较低带来了挑战，但由于加密货币市场的持续上涨，比特币矿工远未屈服。
根据 CoinGecko 的数据，截至撰写本文时，比特币交易价格为 95,364 美元，较过去一年上涨 154%。自 2024 年 4 月 20 日比特币最近一次减半事件以来，这种加密货币的价格也大幅上涨，价值增加了约 45%。
根据欧洲加密货币投资公司 CoinShares 的一份报告，尽管 2024 年比特币的上涨使得以美元计价的区块奖励不断增加，但比特币矿商一直在采取措施降低成本并采用人工智能。
CoinShares 在 10 月份的一份采矿报告中表示：“比特币采矿业今年面临着重大挑战，收入和哈希价格都在下降。”
7 月份，当 BTC 交易价格约为 56,500 美元时，比特币挖矿公司 TeraWulf 由于利润率较低而考虑进行合并。
Marathon Digital 等一些主要加密货币挖矿公司今年在第四次减半后出售了大量开采的 BTC，理由是为了提高效率和保持竞争力。 Marathon 还转向积极购买比特币，并于 8 月宣布发行 2.5 亿美元的可转换优先票据。
另一方面，萨尔瓦多加大力度寻找利用地热火山能的替代比特币挖矿方法。
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