Quantum Cryptography Advances Towards Industry-Wide Transition

Ledger's Chief Technology Officer, Charles Guillemet, has highlighted that the development of post-quantum cryptography is at a critical juncture. According to Odaily, while the timeline for practical quantum computers remains uncertain, the transition of the entire industry's encryption systems is inevitable. Under the leadership of NIST, traditional sectors plan to phase out high-risk algorithms by 2030 and completely prohibit them by 2035, with government and corporate institutions expected to complete migration plans by 2029. Encryption and key exchange will utilize ML-KEM to resist quantum decryption attacks on stored data, with digital signatures becoming central to blockchain transformation. Traditional industries favor the ML-DSA hybrid approach, while blockchain prefers the secure and stable SLH-DSA hash signature. Both solutions have their advantages and disadvantages, and the compatibility challenges between post-quantum algorithms and MPC or threshold signatures remain critical risks that the industry needs to address.