Zcash protocol development company Electric Coin Company (ECC) issued a document stating that Zcash complies with and is fully compatible with global AML/CFT standards, including all final Financial Action Task Force (FATF) recommendations, the EU's Fifth Anti-Money Laundering Directive, and the US Anti-Money Laundering Directive. Money laundering regulations, while it is approved by the New York State Department of Financial Services (NYDFS), which is also a key requirement for listing on major exchanges such as Gemini and Coinbase. In addition, the 2020 ECC commissioned a RAND Corporation study on the use of Zcash for illicit purposes, which found no evidence that Zcash was being used in significant quantities for money laundering, terrorism financing, or trade in illicit goods and services. The report also found that “Zcash’s governance and its branding, which complies with relevant AML/CFT regulations, may make it less susceptible to exploitation for illicit or criminal purposes.”