Typical cases of Shandong courts applying the Civil Code: Currently, there is no law that explicitly prohibits the issuance and trading of digital collections.

The Laiwu District People's Court of Jinan City published the 167th typical case of the application of the Civil Code by the Shandong Court, the determination of the legal attributes of digital collections and the effectiveness of their trading behaviors (the case of Yang XX v. a cultural and creative company for a sales contract dispute). The judgment pointed out that digital collections are a kind of online virtual property. At present, there is no law in my country that explicitly prohibits the issuance and trading of digital collections. As long as the actor has the corresponding civil capacity and the intention is true, the transaction of digital collections between civil subjects should be deemed legal and valid. Digital collections have the dual attributes of collection and investment, and contain higher market risks. The purchaser aims to earn the difference in the secondary market transaction of digital collections, and should not be identified as a consumer under the Consumer Protection Law, and should bear the corresponding market price fluctuation risks.