Vitalik publishes a long article discussing the path to improve Ethereum L2 security and finality

Odaily Planet Daily News Vitalik recently shared the latest progress of Ethereum L2 security and finality assurance. Vitalik pointed out that three major Rollups have entered the first phase, and the Pectra and Fusaka upgrades will greatly improve the storage and throughput capacity of L2. At the same time, the development of ZK-EVM will help shorten the final confirmation time of transactions. In response to the finality problem, Vitalik proposed a solution that combines optimistic verification (OP), zero-knowledge proof (ZK) and trusted execution environment (TEE) to provide faster transaction confirmation while ensuring security. Vitalik emphasized that the architecture aims to achieve three core goals: first, to provide instant finality under normal circumstances, second, to meet the trust minimization requirements of L2 entering the second phase, and third, to avoid over-reliance on the ZK system to reduce the risk of single point failure. In this way, L2 can improve security and reduce settlement time to less than 1 hour in scenarios such as market makers, thereby significantly reducing the cost of cross-L2 bridging. The rapid development of ZK-EVM makes it possible to complete proofs within a single block, which is crucial for the scalability of L1 and L2. However, the Ethereum ecosystem is still lagging behind in standardizing the proof aggregation layer. Currently, applications such as L2, privacy protocols, and ZK-based account recovery all need to submit proofs independently, resulting in a large amount of redundant calculations. Vitalik suggested introducing a decentralized proof aggregation mechanism to enable multiple applications to share computing costs.