作者：Jack Inabinet，来源：Bankless；编译：松雪， 金色财经
比特币有一个主要问题：它的安全预算！
确保比特币网络安全的矿工依靠通货膨胀的区块奖励和用户交易费来获得收入，但比特币的挖矿所得大约每四年就会减少一半。
下一次比特币减半事件定于 2024 年 4 月进行，由此产生的区块奖励减少将使矿工更加依赖交易费来获取收入。 比特币的安全预算将会减少，而交易费用却不会相应增加。
比特币安全预算的收缩会导致矿工的流失，减少保护网络的算力数量，并使对链上发起攻击变得更加经济可行！ 虽然不一定是一个迫在眉睫的问题，但从长远来看，解决比特币如何承担安全费用是网络最关心的问题。
以太坊评论员安东尼·萨萨诺 (Anthony Sassano) 最近在 Twitter 上调侃了比特币的安全问题，列出了在交易费用不足以弥补 BTC 发行量减少的情况下保护比特币网络安全的替代方案。
上述提议的行动可以帮助比特币避免未来正在酝酿的安全危机。 尽管如此，该网络的保守派社区不太可能考虑现有网络的替代方案，因为实施它们需要在核心原则上做出妥协。
为了确保其未来并减少对区块补贴的依赖，比特币网络必须增加交易费收入，但要做到这一点，比特币必须首先给人们一个想要使用它的理由……
毫无疑问，如果比特币支持者希望增加交易收入并避免采纳更激烈的建议，他们将面临一场艰苦的战斗，但他们的行动并非没有希望：2023 年，网络上的交易收入飙升了两倍。
交易活动的激增归功于有用原语的诞生，例如 Ordinals 和 BRC-20，它们是使用比特币的 Taproot 升级构建的，激发了链的利用率！
可悲的是，正如交易费用占比特币区块奖励不到 10% 的 6 个月所证明的那样，这些应用程序的使用高度不一致，并且完全依赖于投机活动。
值得庆幸的是，正在进行的实验，为比特币带来其他形式的生命，这可能会产生更一致的交易活动。
Botanix 正在通过 L2 技术将 EVM 引入比特币，并且他们的测试网刚刚上线。 对 EVM 的支持使 Botanix 上的开发人员能够使用主流的加密编码语言 Solidity 编写和部署应用程序，并与现有的以太坊基础设施（如 MetaMask 钱包）兼容。
BitVM 是另一个解决方案，旨在通过在Layer 1启用图灵完备的比特币合约来使比特币可编程。
虽然 BitVM 不需要分叉，也不会给比特币网络带来额外的复杂性，但该解决方案受到两方设计的严重限制，这意味着 BitVM 无法支持具有多个交易方的大规模去中心化应用程序。
比特币改进提案 300 希望通过侧链为比特币带来可编程性。 然而，这一提议会给比特币带来额外的复杂性，并且必须通过软分叉来实施。 鉴于比特币的保守主义历史，这种升级不太可能发生。
虽然交易者翻转 JPEG 和模仿垃圾币可能不是创新的最终实例，但能够产生疯狂交易费收入的新兴用例的兴起表明，在没有区块奖励的情况下，比特币有可能实现自给自足。
比特币现在需要的是引导人们在链上进行重复交易的真实用例。 实现这一目标的最简单方法是创建人们可以开发有用的应用程序的环境！
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