作者： Dylan Bane, Messari分析师and Vinayak Kurup，EV3 Ventures研究主管；编译：0xjs@金色财经
zk-TLS技术（ (Zero-Knowledge Transport Layer Security) ）通过使所有用户数据都可跨平台验证和移植，颠覆了 Web2。利用该技术可以打破价值数万亿美元的垄断，同时通过 ZKP 最大限度地保护用户隐私。本报告深入研究了zk-TLS，并探讨了这项突破性技术如何通过实现可验证、可移植和私密的用户数据来彻底改变互联网。
通过允许第三方不依赖Web2 平台访问用户数据，zk-TLS有望打破中心化垄断、赋予用户权力并解锁娱乐、DeFi、AI 等领域的新应用。
zk-TLS具有促进互联网主权和可组合化的潜力，它有望通过打破围墙花园和培育去中心化的生态系统来改变行业。
zk-TLS首批用例将于2025年进入PMF，实现链上身份评分、对 Uber 等平台的吸血鬼攻击等。
zk-TLS项目全景一览：
起初，Web2建立在开放网络的精神之上。公司很快意识到利润来自孤立的数据，并建起围墙将用户拒之门外。甚至 Twitter 也在 IPO 前几个月关闭了其 API。Web2变得价值可攫取，剥夺了用户的数据主权。
zk-TLS时间线：
2014年，以太坊研究人员意识到，他们可以通过关注网络层来验证以前孤立的数据。在此基础上，康奈尔大学的研究人员于 2019 年发布了 DECO，消除了对服务器合作的依赖，并引入了 ZKP 来保护数据隐私。zk-TLS 就此诞生。
zk-TLS用例范围广泛：
从对 DoorDash 等 Web2 平台的吸血鬼攻击，到启用链上信用评分，再到提供可验证的私人数据来训练 LLM。互联网上的任何用户数据都可以通过 zk-TLS 用于新用例。
zk-TLS架构：
当你访问银行账户时，你的计算机会与银行的服务器进行通信。zk-TLS 通过让验证者观察并验证发送的数据是否正确来验证此过程。它可以通过 3 种方式实现此目的：多方计算 (MPC)、代理或仅使用TEE。
例如，Opacity 使用 MPC来解决此问题。验证者确保正确处理登录和信息访问。验证者是随机选择的，最大限度地减少了串通的可能性。
以Earnifi为例，它使用 Opacity 的 MPC 模型来确保人们的工作时间符合他们声称的时长。zk-TLS 使他们能够比收取高昂费用的工资获取 (earned-wage-access ，EWA) 和发薪日贷款公司更有效地承销贷款。整个行业将被颠覆。
虽然我们预计第一个用例将在2025年发现 PMF，但zk-TLS面临着诸多挑战。
例如：可扩展性问题，服务器可能会检测到大量代理会话；Web2 的强烈反对；解决对ZKP不熟悉的摩擦。
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